Publications

Publications

Academic Publications

Beyond Divide and Rule: Advocating a Respect-Based Chinese Policy Toward the European Union
ACPS Annual Conference 2025
Association of Chinese Political Studies (ACPS) | November 20, 2025
This paper challenges the prevalent "divide and rule" characterization of China's EU policy, arguing instead for a nuanced approach that recognizes European agency and advocates for mutual respect in Sino-European relations. Drawing on historical analysis and contemporary policy frameworks, the research demonstrates how respect-based engagement can foster more sustainable diplomatic outcomes.
Trump As the (In)advertent Harbinger of a New Transatlantic Security Architecture: Europe's Autonomy as a Bulwark Against Chinese Influence Runner-up Prize
Jimmy Carter Prize, China Focus Essay Contest 2025
The Carter Center, in cooperation with the University of California, San Diego, and the 1990 Institute | 2025
This award-winning essay analyzes how the Trump administration's policies inadvertently catalyzed European strategic autonomy, examining implications for transatlantic relations and China's position in the evolving security architecture. The work integrates grand strategy theory with contemporary geopolitical analysis to assess Europe's emerging role as an independent actor.
How to Maintain a Balance in The Intricate Pas Detrois Among China, US and EU
Book Chapter
Wang, L. and Zhu, X. | In: The Trilateral Interactions China, the US, and the EU on Tensions, Competition, and Cooperation, ed. by Zuokui Liu, Marek Hrubec, and Shaohua Yan (Routledge, 2026)
Co-authored analysis examining the delicate balance of power and interests among the world's three major economic and political entities, with particular focus on cooperation mechanisms and conflict management strategies in an era of great-power competition.
What to Do About the Strategic Challenge? An Analysis of the Background of NATO's New China Strategy
Seventh Annual Young Scholars Forum on U.S.-China Relations
The Carter Center | 2022
Presented analysis of NATO's evolving strategic posture toward China, examining the alliance's adaptation to new security challenges and the implications for global governance and multilateral cooperation.

Media & Commentary

If Bismarck Ran Washington: What Approach Would He Take to U.S.–China Relations?
U.S.-China Perception Monitor, The Carter Center
Zhu, X. | December 11, 2025
Article in Chinese
A thought experiment applying Otto von Bismarck's Realpolitik principles to contemporary U.S.-China relations. This analysis explores how classical statecraft and diplomatic pragmatism might inform current policy challenges between the two great powers.
From 'The Art of the Deal' to 'The Art of Diplomacy': The Continuities in Trump's View of International Relations
U.S.-China Perception Monitor, The Carter Center
Zhu, X. | September 11, 2025
Article in Chinese
An analysis examining the continuities in Donald Trump's approach to international relations, from his early business philosophy to his diplomatic strategies, exploring how his transactional worldview shapes U.S. foreign policy.

For inquiries about my research or potential collaborations:

xudong.zhu01@gmail.com